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Introduction

This rotation guide contains useful resources to help you care for patients with a variety of lung problems in the outpatient setting; these issues are often evaluated by pulmonary specialists.

We provide a primer on obtaining histories, performing physical examinations, initiating diagnostic workups, and caring for patients with lung problems. Lung conditions provide an enriched learning context for the study of normal and abnormal physiology of lung function, clinical examination findings, and the pharmacology of drugs that alter lung function.

This rotation guide covers the following common lung conditions and topics:

Other topics related to pulmonology are covered in the following rotation guides:

Curator avatar

Jennifer W. McCallister, MD, ATSF, FACP, FCCP, is Associate Dean of Medical Education at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. She earned a B.S. in Pharmacy and M.D. from West Virginia University and subsequently completed a residency in Internal Medicine, a Chief Residency, and a fellowship in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center.

This rotation guide was developed by a collaborative team of contributors, including:
 Writers: Ahmad Zaheen, MD MSc; Ramya Ramaswami, MD; James Yeh, MD (NEJM Fellows)
 Peer Reviewers: Bradley Wertheim, MD; Adel El Boueiz, MD
 Section Expert: Jennifer McCallister, MD, ATSF, FACP, FCCP
 Senior Editor: Ole-Petter Hamnvik, MB BCh BAO, MMSc
 Last Updated: October 2022 by Kashika Goyal, MD

Brief Case Presentations with Pictures

Pulmonology Images

Pulmonology Images

Sleep Apnea

Kuipers AF and Bartels LW. N Engl J Med 2012.

A 61-year-old man was referred for evaluation of sleep apnea.

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Air Bronchogram

Natt B and Raz Y. N Engl J Med 2015.

A 26-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease secondary to lupus nephritis presented with a 3-day history of fever, cough, and shortness of breath.

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Kerley's A, B, and C Lines

Koga T and Fujimoto K. N Engl J Med 2009.

A 59-year-old woman with hypertension and diabetic nephropathy presented with a sudden onset of dyspnea after discontinuing her medications.

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Brief Case Presentations with Videos

Pulmonology Videos

Pulmonology Videos

Emergency Intubation in Covid-19

The video “Emergency Intubation in Covid-19” is intended for health care personnel involved in performing emergency endotracheal intubation in patients with suspected or proven infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the respiratory illness coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19).

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Percutaneous Tracheostomy

A tracheostomy is a surgically created airway that is kept open with a breathing tube, or tracheostomy tube. The tube is inserted directly into the trachea through an incision in the neck. A tracheostomy can be created with an open surgical or a percutaneous dilation technique and can take place in the operating room or at the patient’s...

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Ultrasound Guidance for Pleural Catheter Placement

The indications for pleural drainage are diagnostic and therapeutic. This video demonstrates ultrasound-guided placement of a small-bore, pigtail catheter for drainage of a pleural effusion.

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