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For information on Covid-19, please see the NEJM Coronavirus (Covid-19) Topic Page and the NEJM Journal Watch COVID-19 Page.

Introduction

The field of infectious diseases (ID) is broad and involves many organ systems. This rotation guide focuses on some key areas and is by no means comprehensive.

This rotation guide covers the following topics:

Other important topics related to infectious diseases are covered in the following rotation guides:

Epidural Abscess and Vertebral Osteomyelitis, Meningitis/Encephalitis (Neurology)
Endocarditis (Cardiology)
Neutropenic Fever (Oncology)
Sexually Transmitted Infections (Women's Health)

For a brief history of infectious diseases, click here.

Rajesh T. Gandhi, MD, is Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, and the Director of HIV Clinical Services and Education at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). He is the site leader of the MGH AIDS Clinical Research Site in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) and the Co-Director of the Harvard University Center for AIDS Research (CFAR). Dr. Gandhi is a member of the NIH Covid-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Covid-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel, a scientific member of the Department of Health and Human Services Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents, and Chair of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel on Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Adults. Dr. Gandhi is a Section Editor of NEJM Knowledge+ Internal Medicine Infectious Disease.

This rotation guide was developed by a collaborative team of contributors including:

Writers: Michael Mi, MD; Amanda Fernandes, MD; Andrea Merrill, MD (NEJM Fellows); James Higgs, MD; Lauren Pischel, MD
Peer Reviewers: Diane Janowicz, MD; Lana Dbeibo, MD; Patrick Milligan, MD; Andrew Dysangco, MD; Cole Beeler, MD; Luke Guillen, MD; Jack Schneider, MD; Daniel Caroff, MD; Jacqueline Chu, MD; Ann E. Woolley, MD; Mary Montgomery, MD; Jake Johnson, MD; and Molly Paras, MD
Senior Editor: Ole-Petter Hamnvik, MB BCh BAO, MMSc
Section Expert: Rajesh Gandhi, MD
Last updated: July 2023 by Hayden Andrews, MD

Brief Case Presentations with Pictures

Infectious Diseases Images

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Brain Herniation in Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in AIDS

Cutaneous Cryptococcosis

Positive Tzanck Smear

Vertebral Tuberculosis

Budding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Staphylococcal Psoas Abscess

Lipodystrophy Associated with an HIV-Protease Inhibitor

Tuberculous Meningitis

Cytomegalovirus Esophageal Ulcers

Disseminated Histoplasmosis in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Lipodystrophy Induced by Antiretroviral Therapy

Doxycycline-Induced Phototoxicity

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Abscess after Intramuscular Steroid Injection

Multiple Pulmonary Bacterial Abscesses

Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis and Coinfection with HIV

Quinolone-Associated Rupture of the Achilles' Tendon

Crystalluria from Acyclovir Use

Air in the Urinary Tract

Tuberculous Abscess Manifesting as Unilateral Gynecomastia

Aspergilloma

Varicella Pneumonia in an Adult

Diplopia in a Patient with HIV Infection

Miliary Tuberculosis

Chorioretinal Granuloma in Tuberculosis

Renal Tuberculosis

Multiple Intracranial Tuberculomas

Pott's Disease of the Thoracic Spine

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

Chorioretinal Toxoplasmosis

Herpes Labialis and Facial-Nerve Paralysis

Disseminated Cryptococcosis

Herpes Zoster Involving the S1 Dermatome

Tuberculous Abscess

Gas Gangrene of a Prosthetic Hip

Annular Secondary Syphilis

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis

Disseminated Zoster

Bursitis and Tenosynovitis Due to Mycobacterium avium Complex

Treponema pallidum — The Great Imitator

Air Bronchogram

Evolution of a Diabetic Foot Infection

Brief Case Presentations with Videos

Infectious Disease Videos

Personal Protective Equipment and Covid-19

This video demonstrates a procedure for putting on and removing one type of PPE that has been recommended by the CDC for use in U.S. hospitals to minimize the risk of exposure to infectious material during the care of patients with Covid-19.

How to Obtain a Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimen

Collecting specimens from the surface of the respiratory mucosa with nasopharyngeal swabs is a procedure used to diagnose Covid-19 as well as other respiratory viral infections and certain bacterial infections in adults and children. This video describes the collection of...